Geology and Planetary Geosciences

Geology and planetary geosciences encompass the study of Earth's materials, structures, and dynamic processes, along with the geological evolution of other planetary bodies such as the Moon, Mars, and asteroids. This interdisciplinary domain bridges classical Earth science with space science, enabling researchers to decode planetary histories, surface processes, and potential habitability beyond Earth.

Broader Vision of the Laboratory

The laboratory is designed as a multidisciplinary hub fostering advanced research in Earth and planetary sciences. It aims to simulate extraterrestrial environments through terrestrial analogues, decode ancient Earth processes, and develop scientific frameworks that support future planetary exploration. The core emphasis lies in simulating planetary surface conditions using terrestrial analogues, exploring ancient biosignatures, and developing data-driven approaches for planetary exploration. The laboratory actively supports mission-relevant science by generating foundational knowledge for in-situ resource utilization, advancing experimental analog studies, and fostering collaborations that enable comparative analysis of planetary processes within and beyond the solar system.

Key Research Themes

1. Terrestrial Analogue Research

Investigating Earth-based analogue sites to simulate Martian and Lunar surface environments, enabling experimental studies of geological, atmospheric, and biological processes under extreme conditions.

2. Mineralogical and Geotechnical Studies

Characterizing mineralogical and mechanical properties of analogue materials to support the development of surface mobility systems and construction strategies for planetary missions.

3. Ultramafic-Hosted Mineralization

Understanding mineralization in ultramafic terrains with implications for early planetary differentiation and resource assessment on planetary bodies.

4. CO₂ Sequestration and Paleomagnetic Studies

Exploring magnesite deposits for their carbon capture potential and analyzing lodestone samples for reconstructing ancient geomagnetic fields.

5. Astrobiological Studies

Identifying biosignatures in evaporite minerals, hydrous sulphates, and other extremophile-hosting substrates to inform life detection strategies on Mars and icy worlds.

6. Paleoclimatic Reconstruction

Using Banded Iron Formations (BIFs), cherts, and stromatolites as geological archives to interpret Earth’s early atmospheric and climatic conditions.

7. Lunar and Martian Geology

Studying volcanic, sedimentary, and impact processes on the Moon and Mars, with emphasis on mineralogy, surface weathering, and regolith properties.

International Collaboration: IIST and Niigata University

In alignment with its global vision, IIST has established a strong academic and research partnership with Niigata University, Japan, under the S-Earth initiative. This collaboration enables joint research on planetary analogues, isotope geochemistry, and biosignature studies, particularly focusing on ancient stromatolitic formations and hypersaline environments in India and Japan. The exchange of faculty, students, and scientific knowledge under this partnership enhances cross-cultural scientific training and contributes significantly to the field of planetary geoscience and astrobiology.

Laboratory Facilities

• Rocks, Minerals & Fossils Collection

• Geological Models

• Tabletop Rock Cutting Machine

• Trinocular Polarizing Microscopes

• Trinocular Stereo-Zoom Microscope

• Heating and Freezing Stage

• ASTM Sieves

• Geological Field Equipment

• Multi-Parameter Water Quality Meter

• Direct Shear Testing Apparatus

• Casagrande Liquid Limit Apparatus

Studying Planetary Geosciences at IIST

Studying this course at the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) offers a unique advantage due to its direct integration with India’s space research ecosystem. Students gain exposure to space mission planning, planetary data analysis, and analogue field research aligned with ISRO’s objectives. The program fosters hands-on learning through advanced lab facilities, interdisciplinary coursework, and participation in national and international collaborations. Graduates are well-prepared for careers in space agencies, research institutions, environmental geoscience, planetary exploration, and astrobiology.