Introduction to Wireless Systems: Classification of wireless systems; Design and performance issues: Choice of operating frequency, multiple access and duplexing, circuit switching versus packet switching, propagation, radiated power and safety; Cellular telephone systems and standards.

Noise and Distortion in Microwave Systems: Basic threshold detection, noise temperature and noise figure, noise figure of a lossy transmission line; Noise figure of cascade systems: Noise figure of passive networks, two-port networks, mismatched transmission lines and Wilkinson power dividers; Dynamic range and inter-modulation distortion.

Resonators: Principles of microwave resonators, loaded, unloaded and external Q, open and shorted TEM lines as resonators, microstrip resonators, dielectric resonators.

Power Dividers and Couplers: Scattering matrix of 3- and 4-port junctions; Design of T junction and Wilkinson power dividers; Design of 90̊ and 180̊ hybrids.

Filters: Analysis of periodic structures, Floquet’s theorem, filter design by insertion loss method, maximally flat and Chebyshev designs.

Microwave Amplifier Design: Comparison of active devices such as BJT, MOSFET, MESFET, HEMT, and HBT; Circuit models for FETs and BJTs; Two-port power gains; Stability of transistor amplifier circuits; Amplifier design using S-parameters: Design for maximum gain, maximum stable gain, design for specified gain, low-noise amplifier design, design of class-A power amplifiers.

Mixers: Mixer characteristics: Image frequency, conversion loss, noise figure; Devices for mixers: p-n junctions, Schottky barrier diode, FETs; Diode mixers: Small-signal characteristics of diode, single-ended mixer, large-signal model, switching model; FET Mixers: Single-ended mixer, other FET mixers; Balanced mixers; Image reject mixers.

Switches: Devices for microwave switches: PIN diode, BJT, FET; Device models; Types of switches; Switch configurations; Basic theory of switches; Multi-port, broad-band and isolation switches.

Oscillators and Frequency Synthesizers: General analysis of RF oscillators, transistor oscillators, voltage-controlled oscillators, dielectric resonator oscillators, frequency synthesis methods, analysis of first and second order phase-locked loop, oscillator noise and its effect on receiver performance.

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