Finite element formulations for beam, plate, shell (Kirchhoff and Mindlin-Reissner), and solid elements – large deformation nonlinearity – nonlinear bending of beams and plates – stress and strain measures – total Lagrangian and updated Lagrangian formulations – material nonlinearity – ideal and strain hardening plasticity – elastoplastic analysis – boundary nonlinearity – general contact formulations – solution procedures for nonlinear analysis, Newton-Raphson iteration method.

1. Reddy, J. N., Introduction to Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis , Oxford Univ. Press (2010).

2. Bathe, K. J., Finite Element Procedures , 2 nd ed., Klaus-Jurgen Bathe (2014).