Course | Dual Degree (B. Tech + Master of Science / Master of Technology) |
Semester | Sem. IV |
Subject Code | PH221 |
Subject Title | Modern Optics |
Ray methods in optics, Fermats principle,ray transfer matrices(ABCD),unit planes, nodal planes, system of lens and mirrors. Ray methods in media with spatially varying refractive index. Aberrations, coma, astigmatism,
curvature, distortion and chromatic aberration. (8 lectures)
Interference of light waves Two wave interference : By division of wavefront, division of amplitude, testing flatness of surfaces,interference with extended sources, Haidinger fringes, Fizeau fringes, Newton'sRings,Straightfringes, Two wave interferometers : Michelson Interferometer-temporal coherence. Twyman-Green Interferometer, Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, Sagnac Interferometer, Multiple beam interferometer :Fabry-Perot Interferometer. (10 lectures)
Diffraction Huygens Principle. Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction, diffraction by single slit, graphical treatment of amplitudes, rectangular aperture, resolving power with rectangular aperture and resolving power of a prism, circular aperture and resolving powers of telescope and microscope, Double slit : qualitative aspects, derivation of equation of intensity, comparison of single and double slit patterns, position of maxima and minima, effect of finite width of slit, spatial coherence. Diffraction grating : principle, intensity distribution, maxima, minima, secondary maxima, spectra formation etc. Action of thin lens. Ultrasonic diffraction. Michelsons stellar interferometer, correlation interferometer. (12 lectures)
Polarization by reflection, polarization angle and Brewster's law, Malu's law, polarization by double refraction, Nicol Prizm, parallel and crossed polarizers, Wave plates, refraction by calcite prisms, Rochon and Wollaston prism, Polarization by scattering, Poincare sphere. Kerr, Pockels, and Faraday effects. (10 lectures)
Light quanta and their origin, thermal equilibrium of radiation, Einstein’s coefficients, metastable states, population inversion, spontaneous and stimulated emission, Lasers, threshold for lasing,resonant cavities, two and three level lasers - examples. (6 lectures)
Same as reference
1.Optics, by K K Sharma, Academic Press, 2006
2. Fundamentals of optics (4th Edition ) Jenkins and White, McGraw Hill
3. Optics, by Ajoy Ghatak.
4. Born. M and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics, Seventh edition, Cambridge University Press, 2006.
5. Baha E. A., Saleh and M. C. Teich - Fundamentals of Photonics, John Wiley and Sons, 1991.
6. Goodman, J. W - Introduction to Fourier Optics, Third Edition, Viva Books Private Limited, 2007.
7. Basics of Laser Physics, K. F. Renk, Springer.